一、結(jié)塊砂漿 = 面粉結(jié)塊：先看「變質(zhì)程度」

　　1、 Agglomeration mortar=flour agglomeration: first look at the "degree of deterioration"

　　想象你打開面粉袋發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)塊 —— 輕微結(jié)塊搓一搓還能用，嚴(yán)重結(jié)塊硬如石頭只能扔掉。抹面砂漿結(jié)塊同理：某工地曾把硬結(jié)塊砂漿打碎混用，結(jié)果墻面半年后大面積空鼓，維修成本比材料貴 10 倍！學(xué)會這 3 步，讓你少扔材料少踩坑。

　　Imagine you open a flour bag and find clumps - slight clumps can still be used by rubbing, while severe clumps are as hard as stones and can only be thrown away. The same applies to the clumping of plastering mortar: A construction site once crushed and mixed hard clumped mortar, resulting in a large area of hollowing on the wall half a year later, and the repair cost was 10 times more expensive than the material! Learn these 3 steps to avoid throwing materials and stepping on pitfalls.

　　二、第一步：看結(jié)塊「硬度等級」

　　2、 Step 1: Check the "hardness level" of the lumps

　　1. 輕微結(jié)塊：像「受潮餅干」

　　1. Slight clumping: like "damp cookies"

　　特征：用手輕捏能碎成粉末，顆粒直徑≤5mm，某裝修師傅說「像捏碎受潮的蘇打餅干」；

　　Features: It can be easily crushed into powder by hand, with a particle diameter of ≤ 5mm. A certain decorator said, 'It's like crushing damp soda crackers.';

　　處理方法：過 1.25mm 篩網(wǎng)篩除顆粒，加水重新攪拌后，可用于非承重部位打底。

　　Solution: Use a 1.25mm sieve to remove particles, add water and stir again. It can be used as a base for non load bearing areas.

　　2. 中度結(jié)塊：像「陳年老紅糖」

　　2. Moderate clumping: like "aged brown sugar"

　　表現(xiàn)：結(jié)塊捏不碎但能掰斷，斷面有細(xì)微粉末，某工地案例中，這種砂漿重新攪拌后，強(qiáng)度下降 15%；

　　Performance: Agglomeration that cannot be crushed but can be broken, with fine powder on the cross section. In a certain construction site case, after re mixing, the strength of this mortar decreased by 15%;

　　限制使用：只能用于非受力墻面抹灰，且厚度≤5mm。

　　Restricted use: Can only be used for plastering non stress walls, with a thickness of ≤ 5mm.

　　3. 重度結(jié)塊：像「水泥疙瘩」

　　3. Heavy clumping: like "cement lumps"

　　狀態(tài)：硬如石頭，用錘子砸才碎，某小區(qū)用這種砂漿抹墻，3 個(gè)月后墻面開裂如蛛網(wǎng)；

　　Status: As hard as a stone, it only breaks when smashed with a hammer. In a certain residential area, this mortar is used to plaster the walls, and after 3 months, the walls crack like spider webs;

　　鐵律：必須全部廢棄，某裝修公司省材料誤用，最終返工損失 2 萬元。

　　Iron rule: All must be discarded. A certain decoration company saved materials from misuse, resulting in a loss of 20000 yuan for rework.

　　三、第二步：測砂漿「活性指數(shù)」

　　3、 Step 2: Measure the "activity index" of mortar

　　1. 加水?dāng)嚢铚y試

　　1. Add water and stir for testing

　　操作：取 100g 結(jié)塊砂漿加 15% 水?dāng)嚢瑁细裆皾{應(yīng)在 3 分鐘內(nèi)恢復(fù)可塑性，某師傅用這招發(fā)現(xiàn)：中度結(jié)塊砂漿攪拌后粘性比新砂漿差 30%；

　　Operation: Take 100g of agglomerated mortar and mix it with 15% water. The qualified mortar should restore its plasticity within 3 minutes. A master found that the viscosity of moderately agglomerated mortar after mixing is 30% worse than that of new mortar;

　　類比：像揉面團(tuán)，好砂漿揉勻后光滑，結(jié)塊砂漿揉完仍有顆粒。

　　Analogy: Like kneading dough, good mortar is smooth after being kneaded evenly, while clumped mortar still has particles after kneading.

　　2. 粘結(jié)力測試

　　2. Adhesive strength test

　　簡易方法：抹在瓷磚上晾 24 小時(shí)，用指甲刮，合格砂漿應(yīng)無粉末脫落，某案例中結(jié)塊砂漿一刮就掉渣，粘結(jié)力只剩新砂漿的 40%；

　　Simple method: Apply it to the ceramic tiles and let them air dry for 24 hours. Use a fingernail to scrape it. The qualified mortar should have no powder falling off. In a certain case, the clumped mortar fell off as soon as it was scraped, and the bonding strength was only 40% of the new mortar;

　　專業(yè)工具：用拉力計(jì)測抗拉強(qiáng)度，低于 0.2MPa 必須廢棄。

　　Professional tool: Use a tensile strength gauge to measure the tensile strength. If it is lower than 0.2MPa, it must be discarded.

　　四、第三步：看「結(jié)塊原因」定生死

　　4、 Step 3: Determine life and death by examining the 'cause of clumping'

　　1. 受潮結(jié)塊：看「受潮時(shí)長」

　　1. Moisture induced clumping: Check the 'duration of moisture exposure'

　　≤24 小時(shí)受潮：某倉庫漏雨后，砂漿表層結(jié)塊但內(nèi)部干燥，篩除表層后，強(qiáng)度保留 80%；

　　≤ 24 hours of moisture exposure: After a warehouse leaks, the surface of the mortar clumps but the interior is dry. After sieving the surface, 80% of the strength is retained;

　　＞72 小時(shí)受潮：水分滲透導(dǎo)致水泥硬化，某工地誤用這種砂漿，墻面返堿嚴(yán)重如掛白霜。

　　72 hours of dampness: Moisture infiltration causes cement to harden, and a certain construction site misuses this mortar, resulting in severe alkali rebound on the wall as if it were white frost.

　　2. 過期結(jié)塊：看「保質(zhì)期」

　　2. Expired lumps: check the "shelf life"

　　未超保質(zhì)期結(jié)塊：某項(xiàng)目用剛結(jié)塊的砂漿，加 10% 界面劑后，強(qiáng)度勉強(qiáng)達(dá)標(biāo)；

　　Blockage within shelf life: A certain project used mortar that had just clumped, and after adding 10% interface agent, the strength barely met the standard;

　　超保質(zhì)期結(jié)塊：某樓盤用過期 3 個(gè)月的結(jié)塊砂漿，驗(yàn)收時(shí)墻面空鼓率超 50%。

　　Over shelf life clumping: A certain property used clumped mortar that had expired for 3 months, and during inspection, the wall hollowing rate exceeded 50%.

　　五、結(jié)塊砂漿「搶救指南」

　　5、 Rescue Guide for Blocked Mortar

　　1. 輕微結(jié)塊搶救法

　　1. Minor clumping rescue method

　　工具：用砂漿攪拌機(jī)低速攪拌 10 分鐘，加 0.5% 纖維素醚改善和易性，某裝修隊(duì)用這招，救活 2 噸結(jié)塊砂漿；

　　Tool: Use a mortar mixer to mix at low speed for 10 minutes, add 0.5% cellulose ether to improve workability. A certain decoration team used this trick to save 2 tons of clumped mortar;

　　限制：只能用于踢腳線等非外露部位。

　　Restriction: Can only be used for non exposed parts such as baseboards.

　　2. 中度結(jié)塊降級用

　　2. Used for moderate agglomeration degradation

　　摻量控制：結(jié)塊砂漿破碎后摻量≤30%，某工裝項(xiàng)目摻 20% 結(jié)塊砂漿到新砂漿中，強(qiáng)度損失控制在 5% 以內(nèi)；

　　Dosage control: After the agglomerated mortar is crushed, the dosage should be ≤ 30%. For a certain tooling project, 20% agglomerated mortar should be added to the new mortar, and the strength loss should be controlled within 5%;

　　應(yīng)用場景：只可用于回填層找平，不可用于面層。

　　Application scenario: Can only be used for leveling backfill layers, not for surface layers.

　　3. 重度結(jié)塊處理

　　3. Heavy clumping treatment

　　環(huán)保粉碎：破碎后當(dāng)骨料拌制混凝土，某攪拌站用結(jié)塊砂漿碎料，每立方混凝土省 20kg 石子；

　　Environmentally friendly crushing: After crushing, when the aggregate is mixed with concrete, a certain mixing plant uses agglomerated mortar to crush the material, saving 20kg of stones per cubic meter of concrete;

　　嚴(yán)禁使用：絕不允許用于任何抹灰工程。

　　Strictly prohibited from use: It is not allowed to be used for any plastering project.

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