抹灰空鼓、裂縫在工程中一直是一個(gè)大家比較關(guān)注但一直沒有徹底解決的老大難問題，今天就從施工工序上分享一些個(gè)措施，以供參考！

　　Plastering hollowing and cracks have always been a long-standing and difficult problem that people are concerned about but have not completely solved in engineering. Today, I will share some measures from the construction process for reference!

　　墻體基層處理：抹灰前的基層處理時(shí)抹灰質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵之一。所以要求必須將基層表面的砂漿殘?jiān)酃?、隔離劑、油漬等清理干凈。針對不同基層配置不同砂漿，兩種材料交接處，鋪釘鋼絲網(wǎng)，再抹底灰。

　　Wall base treatment: One of the key factors affecting the quality of plastering during the base treatment before plastering. So it is required to clean up the mortar residue, dirt, isolation agent, oil stains, etc. on the surface of the base layer. For different base configurations, different mortars are used. At the junction of the two materials, steel wire mesh is laid and nailed, followed by the application of bottom plaster.

　　基層表面垂直度和平整偏差過大，應(yīng)在抹灰前剔平，當(dāng)局部抹灰厚度太大時(shí)，要求用1：3水泥砂漿分層抹平，每層厚度應(yīng)在7—10毫米為宜。并應(yīng)該待前一層砂漿凝固后（7—8成干，發(fā)白不宜）再涂抹后一層，以防止已抹的砂漿內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生松動(dòng)。幾層濕砂漿合在一起很容易造成收縮率過大，產(chǎn)生裂縫、空鼓。

　　The verticality and flatness deviation of the base surface are too large, and should be leveled before plastering. When the local plastering thickness is too large, it is required to use a 1:3 cement mortar layer by layer to smooth it, and the thickness of each layer should be between 7-10 millimeters. And the next layer should be applied after the previous layer of mortar has solidified (7-8% dry, not suitable for whitening) to prevent loosening inside the already applied mortar. Several layers of wet mortar combined can easily cause excessive shrinkage, resulting in cracks and hollowing.

　　要求表面較光滑的混凝土墻面應(yīng)剔毛。抹灰前先涂刷一道水泥漿粘結(jié)層，以增強(qiáng)基層的砂漿粘結(jié)能力，又可將浮灰事先粘牢于墻面上，消除砂漿與基層粉塊狀隔離因素，避免裂縫，空鼓。

　　Concrete walls with smooth surfaces should be roughened. Before plastering, apply a layer of cement paste bonding layer to enhance the bonding ability of the base mortar. The floating ash can also be firmly adhered to the wall in advance to eliminate the isolation factor between the mortar and the base powder block, and avoid cracks and hollowing.

　　控制工藝流程：外墻抹灰應(yīng)按以下工藝流程嚴(yán)格進(jìn)行：澆水濕潤基層找規(guī)矩、貼灰餅，沖筋抹底灰找平24h后彈分格線、嵌分格條抹面層灰起分格條，修分格縫24h后開始養(yǎng)護(hù)。

　　Control the process flow: External wall plastering should be strictly carried out according to the following process flow: water the base layer to make it smooth, paste the plaster cake, flush the reinforcement, apply the bottom plaster and level it for 24 hours, then snap the dividing line, embed the dividing strip, apply the surface plaster and start the dividing strip, repair the dividing joint for 24 hours, and then start curing.

　　要求抹灰前墻面應(yīng)澆水濕潤。磚墻面一般澆水兩遍，滲水深度大約8—10毫米。如果各層抹灰相隔時(shí)間長，抹灰的砂漿已干，也應(yīng)該在底層澆水潤濕后抹上一層灰。澆水程度要與施工季節(jié)、氣候和室內(nèi)、室外操作環(huán)境有直接關(guān)系。外墻抹灰，炎夏季節(jié)應(yīng)盡量避免在日光曝曬下進(jìn)行抹灰。

　　The wall should be moistened with water before plastering. Brick walls are usually watered twice, with a water infiltration depth of about 8-10 millimeters. If the interval between each layer of plastering is long and the plastering mortar has dried, a layer of plaster should also be applied after wetting the bottom layer with water. The degree of watering should be directly related to the construction season, climate, and indoor and outdoor operating environments. Exterior wall plastering should be avoided as much as possible during the hot summer season when exposed to sunlight.

　　分層涂抹：分遍完成，分層抹灰，5～8㎜厚，采取大工序抹灰作法，濕潤墻體，刷素漿，隨刷隨抹灰。即從建筑物檐口至勒腳先抹底灰和中層砂漿，隔日再從上至下罩面灰，這期間應(yīng)加強(qiáng)底灰澆水養(yǎng)護(hù)，保持濕潤狀態(tài)，對防止空裂效果很好。

　　Layered application: Completed in layers, layered plastering with a thickness of 5-8 mm, using a large-scale plastering method, moistening the wall, brushing with plain slurry, and plastering as needed. From the eaves to the feet of the building, apply the bottom plaster and middle mortar first, and then cover the surface plaster from top to bottom the next day. During this period, strengthen the watering and maintenance of the bottom plaster to maintain a moist state, which is very effective in preventing air cracking.

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