濟南地區的石膏粉，憑借本地礦產資源與加工工藝的結合，形成了獨特的產品特性，在建筑、醫療、藝術等多個領域發揮著不可替代的作用。其從礦石開采到成品加工的全流程，既體現了地域資源的優勢，也展現了傳統工藝與現代技術的融合。

　　Gypsum powder in Jinan area, with the combination of local mineral resources and processing technology, has formed unique product characteristics and plays an irreplaceable role in multiple fields such as architecture, medicine, and art. The entire process from ore mining to finished product processing not only reflects the advantages of regional resources, but also demonstrates the integration of traditional craftsmanship and modern technology.

　　濟南石膏粉的原料主要來自本地沉積型石膏礦，這類礦石純度較高（二水硫酸鈣含量普遍在 95% 以上），雜質少（石英、白云石等雜質含量低于 3%），為優質石膏粉生產提供了基礎。開采出的石膏礦石經清洗、破碎后，進入煅燒環節 —— 根據用途不同，煅燒溫度控制在 120-200℃之間：低溫煅燒（120-150℃）生成半水石膏（β 型），具有凝結快、強度高的特點；高溫煅燒（170-200℃）則生成 α 型半水石膏，凝結時間更長，適合需要精細塑形的場景。煅燒過程中，通過控制窯內通風量與溫度梯度，可減少石膏粉的過燒或欠燒（過燒會導致凝結遲緩，欠燒則使強度下降），確保產品質量穩定。

　　The raw materials for Jinan gypsum powder mainly come from local sedimentary gypsum mines, which have high purity (calcium sulfate dihydrate content generally above 95%) and low impurities (impurities such as quartz and dolomite content below 3%), providing a foundation for the production of high-quality gypsum powder. After cleaning and crushing, the extracted gypsum ore enters the calcination process - depending on its use, the calcination temperature is controlled between 120-200 ℃: low-temperature calcination (120-150 ℃) produces semi hydrated gypsum (β - type), which has the characteristics of fast setting and high strength; High temperature calcination (170-200 ℃) produces alpha type hemihydrate gypsum, which has a longer setting time and is suitable for scenes that require fine shaping. During the calcination process, by controlling the ventilation rate and temperature gradient inside the kiln, the over burning or under burning of gypsum powder can be reduced (over burning can cause slow solidification, while under burning can reduce strength), ensuring stable product quality.

　　在建筑領域，濟南石膏粉的應用最為廣泛。作為墻體材料的添加劑，它能改善砂漿的和易性（保水率≥85%），減少開裂現象，例如在室內抹灰工程中，摻入 5%-10% 的石膏粉可使砂漿凝結時間延長至 4-6 小時，便于施工操作。石膏膩子則利用其細膩的質地（細度可達 325 目以上），使墻面平整度誤差控制在 2 毫米以內，且干燥后不收縮、不返潮，適合濟南潮濕季節的室內裝修。此外，石膏砌塊、石膏板等建材，通過石膏粉與纖維、發泡劑的混合，兼具輕質（容重≤800kg/m?）與防火性能（耐火極限≥1 小時），在高層建筑中可降低結構負荷，提升消防安全等級。

　　In the field of architecture, Jinan gypsum powder is widely used. As an additive for wall materials, it can improve the workability of mortar (water retention rate ≥ 85%) and reduce cracking. For example, in indoor plastering projects, adding 5% -10% gypsum powder can extend the setting time of mortar to 4-6 hours, which is convenient for construction operations. Gypsum putty utilizes its delicate texture (fineness can reach 325 mesh or more) to control the flatness error of the wall within 2 millimeters, and does not shrink or regain moisture after drying, making it suitable for indoor decoration during the humid season in Jinan. In addition, building materials such as gypsum blocks and gypsum boards are lightweight (with a density of ≤ 800kg/m) by mixing gypsum powder with fibers and foaming agents? ）With fire resistance performance (fire resistance limit ≥ 1 hour), it can reduce structural load and improve fire safety level in high-rise buildings.

　　醫療與模具行業對石膏粉的純度和性能有更高要求。醫用石膏粉需經過除雜提純（純度≥99%），用于制作骨折固定夾板，其初凝時間需控制在 5-8 分鐘，終凝不超過 30 分鐘，固化后強度適中（抗壓強度≥6MPa），既便于塑形固定，又能在愈合后輕松拆除。在精密鑄造模具中，α 型石膏粉與水按 1:0.5 的比例混合，可澆筑出表面粗糙度 Ra≤3.2μm 的模具型腔，適用于汽車零件、藝術品的鑄造翻模，濟南本地的一些工藝品廠常用其復制復雜花紋，成品細節還原度可達 95% 以上。

　　The medical and mold industries have higher requirements for the purity and performance of gypsum powder. Medical gypsum powder needs to undergo impurity removal and purification (purity ≥ 99%) for the production of fracture fixation splints. Its initial setting time should be controlled within 5-8 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 30 minutes. After solidification, the strength should be moderate (compressive strength ≥ 6MPa), which is easy to shape and fix, and can be easily removed after healing. In precision casting molds, alpha type gypsum powder is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:0.5 to pour mold cavities with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 3.2 μ m, which is suitable for casting and flipping of automotive parts and artworks. Some local handicraft factories in Jinan often use it to replicate complex patterns, and the restoration of finished product details can reach over 95%.

　　藝術創作領域，石膏粉是雕塑與裝飾的基礎材料。雕塑用石膏粉需具備良好的流動性（流動度≥180mm），能精準填充模具的每一處細節，干燥后硬度適中（莫氏硬度 2 級），便于后期打磨修整。在古建筑修復中，濟南的傳統工匠會將石膏粉與糯米漿混合，調制出具有韌性的灰漿，用于修補石雕、磚雕的缺損部位，這種混合材料既保留了石膏的易塑形性，又提升了耐久性（抗折強度≥2MPa），在本地的文物修復工程中得到廣泛應用。

　　In the field of artistic creation, gypsum powder is the basic material for sculpture and decoration. Gypsum powder for sculpture needs to have good flowability (flowability ≥ 180mm), accurately fill every detail of the mold, and have moderate hardness (Mohs hardness level 2) after drying, making it easy to polish and repair in the later stage. In the restoration of ancient buildings, traditional craftsmen in Jinan mix gypsum powder with glutinous rice slurry to create a tough mortar, which is used to repair damaged parts of stone and brick carvings. This mixed material not only retains the plasticity of gypsum, but also enhances its durability (flexural strength ≥ 2MPa), and is widely used in local cultural relic restoration projects.

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